Chifukwa Chake Maginito Okhazikika Amafunikira mu Sensor Effect Sensors

Hall effect sensor kapena Hall effect transducer ndi sensor yophatikizika yotengera Hall effect ndipo imapangidwa ndi Hall element ndi dera lake lothandizira.Sensa ya Hall imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga mafakitale, zoyendera komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.Kuchokera mkati mwa kachipangizo ka holo, kapena pakugwiritsa ntchito, mudzapeza kutimaginito okhazikikandi gawo lofunikira logwira ntchito.Chifukwa chiyani maginito okhazikika amafunikira ku masensa a Hall?

Choyamba, yambani pa mfundo yogwira ntchito ya Hall sensor, Hall Effect.Hall Effect ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe idapezedwa ndi wasayansi waku America Edwin Herbert Hall (1855-1938) mu 1879 pophunzira momwe zitsulo zimayendera.Pamene panopa akudutsa kondakitala perpendicular kuti kunja maginito, chonyamulira amapatuka, ndi zina magetsi munda adzakhala kwaiye perpendicular kwa malangizo a panopa ndi maginito, chifukwa cha kuthekera kusiyana pa malekezero onse a kondakitala.Chodabwitsa ichi ndi Hall effect, yomwe imatchedwanso Hall kuthekera kusiyana.

Kumayambiriro kwa holo kwenikweni ndiko kupatuka kwa tinthu tating'ono toyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya Lorentz mu mphamvu ya maginito.Pamene mlandu particles (ma elekitironi kapena mabowo) atsekeredwa mu zipangizo olimba, kupatuka uku kumabweretsa kudzikundikira zabwino ndi zoipa mlandu mu malangizo perpendicular kwa panopa ndi maginito, motero kupanga zina yopingasa magetsi kumunda.

Tikudziwa kuti ma elekitironi akamayenda mu mphamvu ya maginito, amakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya Lorentz.Monga pamwambapa, choyamba tiyeni tione chithunzi chakumanzere.Pamene electron ikukwera mmwamba, zomwe zimapangidwira ndi izo zimapita pansi.Chabwino, tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito lamulo la kumanzere, lolani mzere wa maginito wa maginito B (wowomberedwa pazenera) ulowe m'dzanja la dzanja, ndiye kuti, chikhatho cha dzanja chili chakunja, ndi kuloza zala zinayi ku dzanja. mayendedwe apano, ndiye kuti, mfundo zinayi pansi.Kenako, mayendedwe a chala chachikulu ndi mphamvu ya electron.Ma electron amakakamizika kumanja, kotero kuti ndalama zomwe zili mu mbale yopyapyala zidzapendekera kumbali imodzi pansi pa mphamvu ya maginito yakunja.Ngati elekitironi imapendekera kumanja, kusiyana komwe kungachitike kudzapangidwa kumanzere ndi kumanja.Monga momwe chithunzi chili kumanja, ngati voltmeter ikugwirizana ndi kumanzere ndi kumanja, mphamvuyo idzadziwika.Uwu ndiye mfundo yoyambira yophunzitsira holo.Mphamvu yomwe yapezeka imatchedwa hall induced voltage.Ngati mphamvu ya maginito yakunja ichotsedwa, magetsi a Hall amatha.Ngati ikuimiridwa ndi chithunzi, Hall effect ili ngati chithunzi chotsatirachi:

i: mayendedwe apano, B: mayendedwe akunja kwa maginito, V: Voltage ya holo, ndi timadontho tating'ono m'bokosi titha kuwonedwa ngati ma elekitironi.

Kuchokera ku mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya Hall sensor, zitha kupezeka kuti Hall effect sensor ndi sensor yogwira ntchito, yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yakunja ndi maginito kuti igwire ntchito.Poganizira zofunikira za voliyumu yaying'ono, kulemera kopepuka, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito sensa, maginito osavuta osatha m'malo mwa ma elekitiromu ovuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka maginito akunja.Komanso, mu mitundu inayi yayikulu ya maginito okhazikika,SmCondiNdFeB osowa dziko lapansimaginito ali ndi ubwino monga mkulu maginito katundu ndi khola ntchito bata, amene angathandize mkulu ntchito Hall zotsatira transducer kapena sensa kufika kulondola, tilinazo, ndi miyeso yodalirika.Choncho NdFeB ndi SmCo ntchito zambiri mongaHall effect transducer maginito.